【猪】第六十期：呕吐毒素诱导的保育猪生长抑制以及海藻修饰型蒙脱石缓解此抑制的潜力

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　　呕吐毒素诱导的保育猪生长抑制以及海藻修饰型蒙脱石缓解此抑制的潜力

　　H. L.Frobose, J. A. Erceg, S. Q. Fowler, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C.Woodworth, S. S. Dritz and R. D. Goodband

　　两个试验的开展旨在研究呕吐毒素（DON）诱导的保育猪生长抑制和海藻修饰型蒙脱石（AMMC）对呕吐毒素抑制作用的缓解。

　　两个试验中，使用自然污染DON的小麦配制不同DON水平的饲料。试验一选用280头阉公猪和小母猪(体重为10.0 ± 0.2 kg )采用 2 × 2 + 1 析因设计，每个处理有8个重复，试验期为28天。5个处理组包含2个低于DON检测限浓度的正对照（PC）日粮，分别添加0和0.50% AMMC；另外三个负对照日粮中DON浓度为5 mg/kg且分别添加0、0.25% 和 0.50% AMMC。研究表明DON 与 AMMC之间无交互作用。总之，不管是否添加AMMC，饲喂有DON时猪的平均日增重是下降的（P < 0.001）。饲喂DON污染的日粮后的当天到第3天间采食量和肉料比下降最严重（P < 0.01），整体来看会长期低于对照组但随着饲喂天数的增加影响的严重程度会降低。饲喂含DON日粮的猪只28日龄时的圈内体重变异度（CV）较大。尽管日粮中添加 0.50% 的AMMC使得日均采食量在14日龄到21日龄间恢复至与正对照组相似的水平且对其它方面没有影响。

　　试验二的试验周期为21天，选取2360头阉公猪 (11.4 ± 0.2 kg 体重)按3 × 3析因设计分别饲喂9种日粮，其中DON和AMMC的添加作为主因。每个处理设置8个圈舍作为重复。设置了三个没有DON的阳性对照日粮、三个含低浓度DON (1.5 mg/kg DON) 日粮、三个含高浓度DON(3 mg/kg DON)日粮，各个DON浓度的日粮组内添加AMMC的浓度梯度分别为0、0.17%和0.50%。DON和AMMC之间并没有观察出交互作用。随着DON浓度的增加，由于日均采食量的降低（二次的、P < 0.01）和肉料比的变差导致了平均日增重和末重降低（二次的、P < 0.05）。对DON浓度为1.5 和3 mg/kg 的日粮组从试验开始到第7天之间平均日增重的下降是非常显著的(少了15%到 22%) 并且至少不同于第14天至第21天（少了5%到6%）。AMMC含量的增加对平均日增重、日均采食量和肉料比和末重均无影响。总之，这组试验进一步确认了DON对采食量的影响并且表明DON对肉料比的影响之大可能超出了之前的认识。此外，一些猪只表现出对DON的耐受性，如DON对日均采食量和肉料比的影响与日俱减。然而，AMMC的添加并没有补偿DON的毒害作用。


　　The progression of deoxynivalenol-induced growth suppression in nursery pigs and the potential of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay to mitigate these effects

　　H. L.Frobose, J. A. Erceg, S. Q. Fowler, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C.Woodworth, S. S. Dritz and R. D. Goodband

　　Two experiments were conducted to characterize the progression of deoxynivalenol(DON)-induced growth suppression and to investigate algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC) as a means to alleviate the effects of DON in nursery pigs. In both experiments, naturally DON-contaminated wheat was used to produce diets with desired DON levels. In Exp. 1, 280 barrows and gilts (10.0 ±0.2 kg BW) were used in a 28-d experiment arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design with 8 replicates per treatment. The 5 treatments consisted of 2 positive control (PC) diets with DON below detection limits and with or without 0 or 0.50% AMMC and 3 negative control (NC) diets with 5 mg/kg of DON and containing 0, 0.25, or 0.50% AMMC. No DON × AMMC interactions were observed. Overall, pigs fed DON had decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and final BW regardless of AMMC addition. Feeding DON-contaminated diets elicited the most severe depression (P < 0.001) in ADFI and G:F from d 0 to 3, remaining poorer overall (P < 0.01) but lessening in severity as exposure time increased. Pigs fed DON diets had greater (P < 0.05) within pen BW variation (CV) on d28. Although the addition of 0.50% AMMC to diets restored (P < 0.05) ADFI from d 14 to 21 to levels similar to the PC, no other differences were observed for AMMC inclusion. In Exp. 2, 360 barrows (11.4 ± 0.2 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design with DON and AMMC inclusion as main effects. There were 8 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments consisted of 3 PC diets without DON, 3 low-DON (1.5 mg/kgDON) NC diets, and 3 high-DON (3 mg/kg DON) NC diets with 0, 0.17, or 0.50% AMMC incorporated at each DON level. No DON × AMMC interactions were observed. As DON level increased, ADG and final BW decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05), driven by decreased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADFI and poorer (quadratic; P <0.05) G:F. At both 1.5 and 3 mg/kg DON, reductions in ADG were most marked fromd 0 to 7 (15 to 22% lower) and were least distinct from d 14 to 21 (5 to 6%lower). Incorporating AMMC at increasing levels had no effect on ADG, ADFI,G:F, or final BW. Overall, these experiments reinforce DON effects on feed intake but also indicate that the effects of DON on G:F may be more severe than previously thought. Furthermore, some pigs appear to develop tolerance to DON, as effects on ADFI and G:F lessen over time. However, the addition of AMMC did not offset the deleterious effects of DON.

翻译：李光然    转自：猪营养国际论坛CSIS