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[畜牧新闻] 英国:提高养猪业的可持续发展

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发表于 2013-10-28 16:03:24 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  提高养猪业的可持续发展
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  备受瞩目的欧洲帝斯曼猪研讨会探讨了猪的各个方面,涉及到可持续发展,遗传,健康,福利,营养和管理。
  来自西班牙,丹麦,英国,瑞士和加拿大140多个行业的专家共同参加了本次研讨会。
  大会主席是 Matthias Wiemann,他是DSM的欧洲猪业管理者,他说这个研讨会在满足全球肉质蛋白质方面将会扮演重要的角色。"当今的猪业面临很多问题,如遗传学,福利和环境法规等方面,但是,良好的盈利仍然是根本,这需要良好的管理,高效的系统和成熟的产品,所有这些都建立在国际交流的基础上"
  Helen Miller博士强调的主题是植酸酶的重要性,她的论文是“骨矿化的需求和植酸酶影响”,解释了“植物中的磷是如何封存为植酸盐的”。
  Miller博士, 来自英国利兹大学,在研讨会上说“植酸盐本身是不能消化的,但是它可与阳离子在胃中低pH值组成盐,它们大部分在肠道中不能溶化吸收。她列举而来植物植酸盐的三个关键问题,抗营养因子,二价阳离子与蛋白质和氨基酸结合,降低它们的活性和可用性,封锁磷。Miller博士说”低植酸酶可释放充足的磷和钙元素,满足动物的需求,推进生产水平的提高。“
  Miller博士还说植酸盐中心的肌醇可被植酸酶释放,肌醇是一种重要的营养,这个效应以及在鸡试验中看到可推动鸡的生长。她总结说“骨磷是磷有效性和增强植酸酶效应的一个很好指标,但是性能标准给最佳植酸酶提供了一个最好的指示。
  DSM已经将植酸酶应用到Ronozyme HiPhos产品中,这将增加了植物磷的稳定性,使其能在植物饲料中保持温度,允许动物饲料不添加有机磷,去除有机磷带来的环境问题。添加200g/t的Ronozyme HiPhos产品已经证明可比无植酸酶产品降低70%的代谢蛋白,并降低了温室气体的排放。相当于1俩车绕地球环行6周,或每1000只肉鸡生产的温室气体。
  Daniel Barreda博士阐述了维生素D3在外骨骼中的作用。Barreda博士的论文则阐述了断奶仔猪日粮中添加25羟基维生素D3的重要性。Lucas Dominguez教授阐述了“控制现代养猪生产中沙门氏菌的战略。”他确定在欧盟,猪肉是人类感染疾病的第二个重要来源。他说控制措施是建立在严格的卫生规范,消毒,生物安全和管理基础上的,要避免压力状态和交叉感染。“
  Gunner Sorensen博士则强调了”现代母猪的饲养遗传学“。母猪要避免太肥和太瘦,要在产仔,断奶,妊娠和怀孕70天评定体况,在这些措施上还要注重个体母猪妊娠期的采食量。母猪胃溃疡要考虑最小化通过胃肠道的粗粒饲料,此外还要看饲料变化和水供应。
  Sorensen博士, 来自丹麦农业和食品委员会的养猪研究中心,说,农场的目标应该是管理好母猪,引导它们好好照顾仔猪,提高仔猪产量应通过提高产奶量实现。母猪哺乳期体重下降将会在下一个产仔周期获得较高的窝数。
  研讨会得出了以下几个重要结论:
  1优化植酸酶的使用将会提高P的利用率,获得更好的猪性能
  2现代母猪遗传学与营养和管理密切相关
  3 饲料添加剂持续发展,要凭借其较低的来源需求
  4 仔猪免疫可由25羟基维生素D3推动
  5、监控猪舍的沙门氏菌是控制的关键。
  这些研究将确保欧洲养猪也面对现代挑战具有一个光明的未来。
  英文来源:pigprogress
  译者”IRIS
  注:本文是摘译


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 楼主| 发表于 2013-10-28 16:04:41 | 显示全部楼层
 英文原文 The latest research from Spain, Denmark, UK, Switzerland and Canada drew over 140 industry specialists to the autumn event, held in Madrid, Spain under the title Preparing for modern pig production. Symposium chairman Matthias Wiemann, DSM's European swine manager, said the industry will play a crucial role in meeting the growing worldwide demand for meat protein: "The pig business today is facing several challenges from modern high-prolific genetics, welfare and environmental regulations, to sustainability. But most importantly, good profitability is still fundamental. This needs good management, efficient systems and proven products, all based on the best international research." This theme was amplified by Dr Helen Miller, who looked at the role modern phytases can play in releasing phosphorous (P) from vegetable ingredients and potentially remove the requirement for inorganic P supplementation in modern pig diets. Her paper, 'Requirements for bone mineralisation and phytase impact,' explained how P from vegetable material was generally locked-up in phytates. Dr Miller, from the School of Biology at the UK's Leeds University , told the Symposium: "Phytate itself is not indigestible, but it forms salts with cations at the low pH in the stomach that are largely insoluble in the small intestine and inaccessible to enzyme action." She cited three key issues related to vegetable phytate, its impact as an Antinutritional factor (ANF), the binding of divalent cations including proteins and amino acids, reducing their activity and availability, and the lock-up of P. Phytate as an ANF is thought to inhibit digestion by reducing nutrient absorption and thereby reducing feed conversion rates, the binding of proteins in the stomach may increase both energy and protein requirements, and the lock-up of vegetable P requires inorganic P to be added to the diet, leading to high P excretion and associated environmental issues in the manure . Dr Miller said: "Low levels of phytase release sufficient P and Ca to meet animal requirements. Increasing levels continue to promote production." The mechanism is unlikely to be additional P response directly, rather: removal of the ANF status of phytate increasing protein solubility; increasing availability of Na, Ca, amino acids and energy; and reducing endogenous losses. Dr Miller also outlined the possibility that Myo-inositol, the central molecule of phytate that is released by phytase, may be an important nutrient in its own right and has been observed to have growth promoting effects in chickens. She concluded: "Bone P is a good indicator of P availability and hence phytase efficacy, but performance criteria give the best indication of optimum phytase levels."

  DSM has taken phytases to the next level with Ronozyme HiPhos, which greatly increases availability of vegetable P and is heat stable, enabling easy inclusion in animal feeds and allowing removal of inorganic P and its associated environmental issues. Adding 200g/t of Ronozyme Hiphos has been shown in broilers to allow a 70% reduction in metabolizable crude protein (MCP) compared to a diet without phytase, yielding a comparative greenhouse gas reduction equivalent to driving a car six times around the world for every 1,000 broilers produced. Dr Philippe Becquet, senior regulatory affairs manager at DSM Switzerland, said the Ronozyme enzyme's ability to improve digestibility improved resource efficiency and reduced the level of nutrient excreted. In his presentation, 'A sustainable approach to modern pig production,' he defined resource efficiency as the quantity of feedstuffs used per 1kg of animal product and said reducing nutrient excretion resulted in lower emissions and also impacted on manure issues. Calling on the industry to adopt a sustainable mindset, meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, Dr Becquet considered the key environmental issues impacted by pig nutrition and the role DSM and its products can play in reducing that impact, particularly greenhouse gas emissions and eutrophication. In addition to Ronozyme he identified a further five DSM products that have a positive environmental impact: Crina, Cylactin, OVN, VevoVitall and the specific vitamin D3 metabolite, Hy●D. Dr Daniel Barreda, of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada, identified an increased interest in the extra-skeletal roles of vitamin D3. He told the Symposium: "The impacts to cellular immune responses are relevant for host antimicrobial defense mechanisms, inflammation, hematopoietic cell turnover and others." Dr Barreda's paper, 'Examination of novel roles for vitamin D3 in pig immunity and health,' discussed a recent study that examined the modulation of weanling pig cellular immunity in response to diet supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. "Analysis of functional traits showed that leukocyte cell numbers (P < 0.05) as well as proportions of individual granulocyte ( P < 0.01) and lymphocyte subpopulations (P < 0.05) were significantly and differentially affected," said Dr Barreda. "There was also positive modulation of leukocyte survival across blood (P < 0.01) and bronchoalveolar (P < 0.05) compartments, highlighting the potential contributions to systemic and mucosal antimicrobial responses." Dr Barreda said this was consistent with a parallel up regulation in phagocytic functional responses in HyD supplemented pigs (P < 0.05), but acknowledged there were still challenges in identifying the mechanisms involved in these cellular changes . The importance of controlling zoonotic bacteria at farm level was highlighted by Professor Lucas Dominguez, who identified pig meat as the second most important source of human infection in the EU, accounting for 10.2% of zoonosis outbreaks. Presenting a paper on 'Strategies on the control of Salmonella in modern pig production,' he said: "Measures should be based on strict hygienic practices, disinfection, biosecurity and management of the animals to avoid stressful situations and cross-contamination." According to Prof Dominguez, of Visavet Health Surveillance Centre , Complutense University of Madrid, a decrease of Salmonella prevalence in pigs can be achieved by implementation of monitoring programs as already shown from poultry sector. Additionally there may eventually be a reduction in the prevalence of Salmonella through use of natural feed additives that affect intestinal micro flora. Nevertheless a combined approach of several measures will be key for success.

  Management and nutrition were key themes of Dr Gunner Sorensen's presentation, 'Feeding the modern sow's genetics' while looking at the Danish target of 35 weaned piglets per sow per year. Breeding performance and longevity of sows relies on the correct management of gilts. On productive units, a main focus has to be on preventing them getting too fat or too thin and regular evaluation of body condition - at farrowing, weaning, first gestation check and 70 days into gestation. Based on those measurements the individual sows' feed dose has to be adapted during the gestation period. Additionally the topic of stomach ulcerations in sows was addressed and how to minimize it via coarse-grained feed. Feed changes and water supply also have to be considered in reducing the incidence of ulcers.

  Dr Sorensen, from the Danish Agriculture and Food Council's Pig Research Centre, said farms should aim for good management of the sow which will lead to good care of the piglets, as a high number of weaned piglets will only be achieved via maximized milk uptake. "Only sows in good shape and with good milk production will care best for the piglets. Further on, a low weight loss in lactation will lead to a higher litter size in following cycle." In summary of the presented papers the Symposium reached the following conclusions: ? Optimized usage of phytase leads to better P utilization and better pig performance ? Modern sow genetics demand close attention to nutrition and management ? Feed additives support sustainability via lower resource needs ? Immunity of piglets can be triggered via 25-OH-D3 supplementation ? Monitor programs are key for control of Salmonella in pig units Transferring these research findings to the European pig business will ensure a bright future while facing the modern challenges ahead.
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发表于 2013-10-31 11:19:39 | 显示全部楼层
iris,工作很勤快,为大家翻译这么多国外好文。
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 楼主| 发表于 2013-10-31 11:21:20 | 显示全部楼层
bonderic 发表于 2013-10-31 11:19
iris,工作很勤快,为大家翻译这么多国外好文。

谢谢老师啊,还有待继续努力啊
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发表于 2013-11-5 16:22:00 | 显示全部楼层
我可不敢称老师,大家互相多学习多交流,共同提高。
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