关注博卡病毒，探讨诊断防治！

lyl · 发表于 2011-7-9 23:50:17

本帖最后由 lyl 于 2011-7-9 23:55 编辑

自2010年4月至今，韩国、泰国；我国的广东、福建、广西、江西、湖北、河北和山东规模化猪场陆陆续续发生严重腹泻：哺乳仔猪多在出生2—3天后先呕吐，然后拉稀，很快死亡；母猪和育肥猪无明显症状；散养户发病率极低；按照流行性腹泻、传染性胃肠炎和轮状病毒处理，基本无明显效果。剖检症状为胃肠道严重出血。

采集病料60份到华中农大病毒室，新病毒（博卡病毒或Kobu病毒）检测结果52份，检出率86.6%，而普通病毒（传胃、流腹或轮状病毒）检测率不足5%。

本人思考的几个问题：

1、首发地多是沿海地区，为什么呢？因为这是从国外传入的，一例为证，最近猪价高涨，在南方打工的老乡者反映，最近天天晚上加班从船上卸冻猪肉，而这些肉多是走私过来的。所以说近期很多地方出现大规模腹泻，即便不是博卡病毒，也必然是一种新病毒的传入。

2、为何是规模化发病严重，而散养户发病低呢？这点不好理解，规模化猪场防疫严格，如果要感染的话，散养户应该先表现才对，难道是现在没有或者散养的太少之故吗？

3、症状是什么？如如何呕吐？拉稀什么颜色等，希望一线的朋友能详细的给与补充，在此谢过。

4、为何只感染乳猪，难道母猪和肥猪对此病不敏感吗？一种新病，在没有抗体产生的情况下，应该都有症状的，如我和以前的同事交流得知，很多地方大猪拉稀也很普遍，黄色稀水样，很多方法无效（以前治疗各种拉稀治愈率很高），最后接种细小病毒苗，拉稀很快控制。这又说明什么？

5、由于猪价高涨，种猪和小猪流通频繁，如果是一种新病毒的传入，势必会出现大范围的流行传播，不久的将来河南将是重灾之地，河南的朋友要密切关注啊。

6、倘若此病毒只感染乳猪，又没有很好的办法控制的话，看来猪价还要有几个月好行情啊。

7、以上是本人思考后的几点愚见，因为两年多没到处走动了，所以临床一线症状掌握有限，说的不对之处，请各位朋友指正。

monkeyb307 · 发表于 2011-7-10 00:03:09

延伸思考......
所以會爆發大概都是沒乖乖打細小病毒疫苗
母豬初乳無抗體讓小豬產生對博卡病毒的交叉保護

不過還是匪夷所思
DNA病毒的變異很慢很少聽到有新興疾病
尤其還是殺傷力很強的病

lyl · 发表于 2011-7-10 00:11:01

本帖最后由 lyl 于 2011-7-10 00:11 编辑

一个网友的帖子：
博卡病毒病是相当的厉害，无药可医啊，我见过，在四川崇州的一个DLY配套系猪场，总存栏5000多头，产房新生仔猪存在跨栏整窝整窝死亡的病例，从本年二月至五月，先后请过各位专家看过，作过各种抗原检测，疫苗免疫情况检测，也使用过各种治疗方式方法，均无效。三个月死亡一千头小猪，老板年轻人，老爸开酒厂的，有钱，对我说损失60万，还是有些心痛，让我出解决方案。经我解剖观察，死亡仔猪症状全在肠胃消化系统，充气，出血，多数死亡小猪胃溃疡（2-3个病灶），猪只年龄均不超过十日龄，短则生后及出现严重黄色腹泻，很快死亡。采用返饲，消毒亦无效。我的治疗方案也可想而知，无从下药，只得建议其消毒，保温，防潮。虽然我没有去作检测是否为博卡病毒，但经本人经验判断，为新病毒，博卡病毒病。

lzm_001 · 发表于 2011-7-10 10:44:23

论坛有个类似的关于博卡病毒的求助帖子，我一并发来讨论。http://www.xumuren.com/thread-379772-1-1.html

补充内容：
网上猪这块的博卡病毒资料不多。在人身上有相关的研究，有个也叫博卡病毒，但是查其英文名，好像不一样。贴出来让大家看看， Human bocavirus (HBoV)

东方不败10号 · 发表于 2011-7-10 11:34:34

大猪如果接种细小病毒疫苗，很快能控制腹泻的话，如果是真的话，只能说明这个病毒的抗原性和细小病毒差不多。

畜牧工作者 · 发表于 2011-7-10 11:57:41

听到过这方面的信息，但不了解

保健创始人 · 发表于 2011-7-10 13:05:11

如果真的用细小病毒活苗，注射能控制的话就好了，一线用过的朋友多介绍下，谢谢

lzm_001 · 发表于 2011-7-10 13:47:31

   再分享几个文档和内容，供大家参考。
   1、Kobuviruses are members of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. Until now, two official, Aichi virus and Bovine kobuvirus, and one candidate kobuvirus species, 'porcine kobuvirus', have been identified in human, cattle and swine, respectively. In addition, kobu-like viruses were detected very recently in the bat. Aichi virus could be one of the causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans, and kobuviruses probably also cause diarrhoea in cattle and swine. Although Aichi virus has been detected relatively infrequently (0-3%) in human diarrhoea, high seroprevalence, up to 80-95% at the age of 30-40, was found indicating the general nature of infection in different human populations. In the previous years, much new information has accumulated relating to kobuviruses and their host species. This review summarises the current knowledge on kobuviruses including taxonomy, biology and viral characteristics, and covers all aspects of infection including epidemiology, clinical picture, host species diversity, laboratory diagnosis and it gives a summary about possible future perspectives.
  2、文献

kobu文献.pdf (109.24 KB, 下载次数: 3)

猪博卡病毒PCR检测方法的建立及其应用.pdf (280.66 KB, 下载次数: 1)

人博卡病毒全基因组序列测定与种系分析.pdf (518.7 KB, 下载次数: 0)

人博卡病毒的研究进展.pdf (121.12 KB, 下载次数: 3)

Kobuviruses – a comprehensive review.pdf (213.54 KB, 下载次数: 1)

了解病毒，是预防和治疗的前提。
欢迎继续关注这个话题。

lzm_001 · 发表于 2011-7-10 13:57:39

KobuvirusFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kobuvirus is a viral genus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. The genus is composed of three species, Aichi virus, Bovine kobuvirus and Porcine kobuvirus each possessing a single serotype. Aichi virus infects man (1,2), while bovine kobuvirus (3) and porcine kobuvirus (4,5), as suggested by its name, infects cattle and swine.

Virus particles
The molecular mass of a typical virion particle of this genus is typically eight to nine million. The virions of the viruses in this genus consist of capsids that are 27 to 30 nm in diameter (1). The capsid is described as being round and displaying icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is believed to consist of 12 capsomers and the capsid shell structure of these virions has a monolayer composition (1). Using conventional electron microscopy, the structure of the capsid surface can be visualised (1,2). The virus particles contain a single species of ssRNA. These virions have a sedimentation coefficient of 140-165 S20w. The particles are described to be “relatively stable” in vitro (in comparison to other viruses) and stable in acidic conditions of pH 3.5 (2). They have also been found to be insensitive to treatment with some chemicals including chloroform, ether and non-ionic detergents (2).

Genetics
The viruses in this genus have single-stranded, linear non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genomes with lengths of approximately 8.2-8.3 kb (2,3).

References
(1) Yamashita, T., S. Kobayashi, K. Sakae, S. Nakata, S. Chiba, Y. Ishihara, and S. Isomura. 1991. Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BS-C-1 cells from patients with gastroenteritis. J. Infect. Dis. 164:954–957.

(2) Yamashita, T., Sakae, K., Tsuzuki, H., Suzuki, Y., Ishikawa, N., Takeda, N., Miyamura, T. and Yamazaki, S. (1998). Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of Aichi virus, a distinct member of the Picornaviridae associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. J. Virol. 72: 8408-8412.

(3) Yamashita, T., Ito, M., Kabashima, Y., Tsuzuki, H., Fujiura, A. and Sakae, K. (2003). Isolation and characterization of a new species of kobuvirus associated with cattle. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 3069-3077.

(4) Reuter, G., Boldizsár, Á., Kiss, I. and Pankovics, P. (2008). Candidate new species of kobuvirus in porcine host. Emerg Infect Dis. 14:1968-1970.

(5) Reuter, G., Boldizsár, Á. and Pankovics, P. (2009). Complete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae. Arch. Virol. 154: 101-108.

zqojp · 发表于 2012-6-24 10:23:47

陈焕春院士讲了一个专题，那位有的提供一份给大家分享吧。