葡萄球菌乳房炎 Staphylococcus Mastitis

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葡萄球菌

乳房炎

Staphylococcus Mastitis

Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt


Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling
病因/发病机理

Cause & Pathogenesis
葡萄球菌属

• Staphylococcus aureus
• 传染性——从一个感染牛经挤奶传播给其他牛

Contagious – spread from one infected cow to another at milking
·
同时引起亚临床和临床性乳房炎
Causes both sub-clinical and clinical mastitis

• 治疗效果不好

Response to treatment is poor
危险因素

Risk Factors·
带菌牛只
Carrier cows
·
不正确的挤奶程序
Improper milking procedure
临床症状
Clinical Findings临床性乳房炎
Clinical Mastitis
急性乳房炎
Acute Mastitis

• 严重的全身症状
  Severe systemic signs
• 体温升高
  Elevated temperature
• 厌食，精神萎靡，产奶量严重下降

Anorexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production
·
感染乳区热、肿、痛
Hot swollen painful infected quarter

·
乳有显著变化—絮片，凝块，化脓或水样
Gross changes in the milk – flakes, clots, purulent or watery
坏疽性乳房炎（蓝袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)

• 非常严重的全身症状Very severe systemic signs
• 从热乳区到冷乳区发展，变成蓝色

Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration
·
如果奶牛幸存，在14天内形成区域性腐肉
Area sloughs in ~ 14 days if cow survives
慢性乳房炎
Chronic Mastitis·
细菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微脓肿，间歇性排出细菌
Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteria

• 间歇发作临床性乳房炎

Intermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis
亚临床性乳房炎
Sub-Clinical Mastitis·
乳无可视变化
No visible changes in the milk
·
所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）
90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)
·
在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病
Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows

• 体细胞计数高
  High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
• 可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎

May occasionally flare-up to clinical
诊断

Diagnosis·
根据临床症状，SCC和临床病例的细菌培养
Based on clinical signs, SCC and culture of clinical cases
鉴别诊断

Differential Diagnosis

• 无乳链球菌
  Streptococcus agalactiae
• 牛型支原体
  Mycoplasma bovis
• 引起环境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis

实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology

• 感染牛群中SCC高
  High SCC in infected herd
• 感染牛只SCC高
  Infected cows have high SCC
• 从临床感染牛做乳细菌培养Culture milk from clinically infected cows
• 必须区分其他原因引起的乳房炎

Must differentiate from other causes of mastitis

• 大批乳桶细菌培养可作为筛选试验

Bulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test
·
当细菌间歇性排出时，如果做一次培养可能发现不了细菌，
May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed
·
连续三次培养结果阴性，要求排除葡萄球菌
Three negative cultures on subsequent days required to rule out Staphylococcus
治疗

Treatment

• 临床病例用全身性抗生素和支持疗法治疗Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment

·
因感染的乳腺中遍布微脓肿，所以治愈率低，
Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland

• 预防是关键
  Prevention is the key

预后情况


Prognosis

• 很难治愈
  Poor for cure

后遗症                 Sequelae

• 成为带菌牛
  Carrier cows
• 产奶量的损失
  Loss of milk production

预防

Prevention & Control
阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备
Milking Procedure and Sanitation

• 前浸泡

Pre-dip
2.
弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）
Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)

• 用一次性纸巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳

Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels
4.
如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂
Disinfectant in wash solution if used
5.
只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干
Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried

• 挤奶员戴橡胶手套

Rubber gloves on milker

• 应用奶杯

Apply milking claw
从程序2至7应有60—90秒
Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds

• 避免过度挤奶
  Avoid over-milking
• 浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号

Teat dip post milking
·
检验并套上挤奶器
Test and maintain milking machines
·
在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥
Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off
·
淘汰慢性感染牛只
Cull chronically infected cows
·
治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例
Treat all cases of clinical mastitis
·
隔离所有的感染牛只及其牛乳
Isolate all infected cows and milk last
·
挤感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯
Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows
·
保持一个封闭的牛群
Maintain a closed herd