无乳链球菌乳房炎Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis

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无乳链球菌乳房炎
Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis


Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt


Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling
病因/发病机理

Cause & Pathogenesis
无乳链球菌—革兰氏阳性球菌Streptococcus agalactiae – gram-positive cocci
·
高度传染，专性奶牛乳腺寄生细菌
Highly contagious obligate inhabitant of mammary gland of cow

• 挤奶时牛—牛传播
  Cow to cow transmission at milking
• 不侵入乳房组织，但损害上皮

Does not invade mammary tissue but does damage epithelium

危险因素

Risk Factors

• 带菌牛只
  Carrier cows
• 不正确的挤奶程序
  Improper milking procedure

临床症状
Clinical Findings

• 主要引起亚临床性乳房炎Mainly causes sub-clinical mastitis
• 乳无可视变化
  No visible changes in the milk
• 所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）
• 90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)
• 在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病
• Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows
• 体细胞计数高
  High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
• 可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical
• 体温升高，食欲下降，精神萎靡，奶有变化

Elevated temperature, decreased appetite, depression and changes in the milk
诊断

Diagnosis·
根据SCC，临床症状和乳的细菌培养
Based on SCC, clinical signs and milk culture
鉴别诊断

Differential Diagnosis

• 其他原因引起的乳房炎
  Other causes of mastitis

实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology
·
如果牛群有问题，大批乳桶的SCC升高
If herd problem, elevated bulk tank SCC
·
引起单个感染牛只的SCC显著升高
Causes marked increase of SCC in individually infected cows
·
利用SCC鉴别感染牛，然后用CMT鉴别感染乳区
Utilize SCC to identify infected cows then use CMT to identify infected quarter

• 肯定感染乳区做细菌培养以区分其他链球菌和葡萄球菌

Culture infected quarter-must differentiate from other Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
治疗

Treatment·
无乳链球菌对抗生素敏感，包括青霉素
Streptococcus agalactiae is sensitive to antibiotics including Penicillin
·
在泌乳期，用Blitz治疗所有感染牛
Blitz treat all infected cows during lactation

预后情况


Prognosis·
治疗有效的，预后良好，可从牛群中消灭
Good for response to treatment and elimination from the herd
预防

Prevention & Control
阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备
Milking Procedure and Sanitation

• 前浸泡

Pre-dip
2.
弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）
Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)

• 用一次性纸巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳

Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels
4.
如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂
Disinfectant in wash solution if used
5.
只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干
Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried

• 挤奶员戴橡胶手套

Rubber gloves on milker

• 应用奶杯

Apply milking claw
从程序2至7应有60—90秒
Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds

• 避免过度挤奶
  Avoid over-milking
• 浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号

Teat dip post milking
·
检验并套上挤奶器
Test and maintain milking machines
·
在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥
Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off
·
淘汰慢性感染牛只
Cull chronically infected cows
·
治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例
Treat all cases of clinical mastitis
·
隔离所有的感染牛只及其牛乳
Isolate all infected cows and milk last
·
挤感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯
Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows
·
保持一个封闭的牛群
Maintain a closed herd