水质量：猪、家禽生产者的认识和管理差异（原创）

畜牧编辑

　　Control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to practices in the pig industry.

　　相对于养猪场而言，家禽农场对水质量管理的控制更加完善、稳定。

　　Drinking water is an essential nutrient for animals. Indeed, when the physiological animal’s requirements are not satisfied, performances can decrease and/or diseases may appear, both having an economic impact on pig and poultry production.

　　饮水是动物的一种必需营养素。事实上，当动物对水的生理需求没有得到满足时，便会出现生长性能下降或疾病，对养猪业、养禽业均造成经济损失。

　　In the field, waterline cleaning protocols seem more frequent on poultry farms than on pig farms.

　　在实际操作中，对于供水管道的清理，家禽农场比猪场执行地更加频繁。

　　Is it a reality? Are poultry farmers more aware of water quality than pig producers?

　　这是真的吗？家禽农场主比养猪户更注重水的质量吗？

　　In order to update data concerning the different perceptions and practices for water management on pig and poultry farms, a study has been conducted to compare water supplies, their optimization and the different management practices for piglets in post weaning rooms and broiler chickens.

　　为了掌握猪场、禽场对水质量的认识和管理的差别最新情况，我们开展了一项调查，比较断奶仔猪舍、肉鸡舍水供应、优化、管理实践差异。

　　Survey of producers
　　参与调查的生产商

　　A survey was carried out on pig and poultry farms located in the West region of France. Twenty-five pig producers and 25 poultry farmers have been selected. A questionnaire was completed during an interview with farmers. The association between practices and the characteristics of the production has been analyzed with Khi-deux tests.

　　调查于法国西部地区的猪场、鸡场开展。分别选择了25个猪场和25个家禽农场。调查问卷采取面对面的交谈形式。用Khi-deux法分析了水质量管理实践与农场生产特性相关性。

　　In all the interviews, pig and poultry farmers stated that water quality is a main concern. Both bacteriological and chemical parameters are regarded as important for water quality, even if chemical analysis is less frequently performed.

　　在所有的交谈中，养猪户、家禽农场主表示对水质量的担忧。细菌、化学指标都作为水质量的重要考察指标，即使化学分析并没有被经常执行。

　　Water mainly comes from drilling (50% for both chickens and pigs).

　　Sixty percent of pig farmers use continuous water disinfection (chlorination) whereas 80% of poultry farmers perform it with different disinfectants (the remaining 20% use tap water).

　　Water is also an administration route for antibiotics, anthelmintics, vaccines and nutritional factors.

　　水供应主要来自于井水（鸡场、家禽农场均为50%）。

　　60%的猪农长期使用水消毒剂（氯化），80%的家禽农场也长期使用水消毒剂，但使用的是另一种消毒剂（剩下的20%使用自来水）。

　　水还可作为抗生素、驱虫药、疫苗、营养素的给药途径。

　　Swine vs poultry
　　养猪业vs 家禽业

　　Regarding sanitary status of animals, some recurrent diseases can be linked to unadapted water quality. Digestive disorders during the post-weaning period (82%) and lameness of birds (90%) are the most frequent disorders.

　　考虑到养殖动物的卫生状况，某些复发的疾病可能与不适应的水质量有关。仔猪断奶后消化紊乱（82%），家禽跛行（90%）是发生频率最高的疾病。

　　For many criteria poultry farmers are more aware of water quality than pig farmers. The main differences in their practices concern the monitoring of water consumption and the water line maintenance (including cleaning measures to eliminate the biofilm).

　　多数标准家禽农场比养猪场更关心水的质量。两者主要的区别是对水饮用量的监控、供水管道的维护（包括消灭生物膜的清洁措施）。

　　No pig farmers drain water lines while 72% of poultry farmers do.

　　During the down period, all the poultry farmers set up protocols with mechanical and chemical procedures: 44% use flushing, draining, base, acid and disinfectant whereas 24 out of 25 pig farmers only clean the troughs in post-weaning rooms.

　　没有猪场对供水管道进行排空、干燥处理，而72%的家禽农场却这样做了。

　　在排干期间，所有的家禽农场对供水管理执行机械和化学的管理措施：44%使用了冲洗、排干、碱性和酸性消毒剂，然而25个调查的猪场中，有24个仅清洗了断奶仔猪舍的饮水槽。

　　Conclusion

　　This study underlined that the control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to the pig industry. These different treatments and maintenance practices could help to prevent digestive disorders in weaners and thus to reduce antibiotic consumption.

　　总结
　　这项调查结果表明家禽养殖场对水质量的管理更加完善。这些管理、维护方面的差异可帮助预防断奶仔猪的消化道紊乱，及降低抗生素的使用量。

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       译者：户启蔚译