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发表于 2007-10-11 14:53:17
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文献报道的经验公式及数学模型
1.通过常规化学成分计算鸡饲料代谢能的公式(单位:kcal/kg;饲料中养分均以百分崐含量表示)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
一般谷物以及副产品: ┃ ┃发表者:
玉米 ┃MEn=36.21×CP+85.44×EE+37.26×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
玉米 ┃AME=4.219-0.116CF/DM ┃张子仪,1981
玉米 ┃AME=4.513-0.107ADF/DM ┃张子仪,1981
高粱(单宁〈0.4%) ┃MEn=31.02×CP+77.03×EE+37.67×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
高粱(单宁〉1/0%) ┃MEn=21.98×CP+54.75×EE+35.18×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
高粱 ┃ME=3152-357.79×单宁酸 ┃Gous et al.1982
高粱 ┃ME=38.55×DM-394.59×单宁酸 ┃Janssen,1989
高粱 ┃ME=3062+887×CF-202.5×(CF)2 ┃Moir and Connor,1977
高粱 ┃ME=4412-90.34×ADF ┃Moir and Connor,1977
高粱 ┃ME=3773+65.73×APF-3.272×(APF)2 ┃Moir and Connor,1977
小黑麦 ┃MEn=34.49×CP+62.16×EE+35.61×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
小麦 ┃MEn=34.92×CP+63.1×EE+36.42×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
精米 ┃MEn=46.7×DM-46.7×ASH-69.55×CP ┃
┃ +42.95×EE-81.95×CF ┃Janssen,1989
脱脂米糠 ┃MEn=46.7×DM-46.7×ASH-69.54× ┃
┃ CP+42.95×EE-81.95×CF ┃Janssen,1989
大米产品 ┃MEn=4759-88.6×CP-127.7×CF+52.1×EE┃Janssen et al.,1989
小麦次粉 ┃MEn=40.1×DM-40.1×ASH-165.39×CF ┃Janssen,1989
小麦和小麦产品 ┃MEn=3985-205×CF ┃Janssen et al.,1979
小麦和小麦产品 ┃MEn=3926-181×CF ┃Janssen et al.,1979
麸皮 ┃AME=3.940-0.209CF/DM ┃张子仪,1981
麸皮 ┃AME=4.094-0.149ADF/DM ┃张子仪,1981
大麦和大麦产品 ┃MEn=3078-90.4×CF+9.2×STA ┃Janssen et al.,1979
燕麦和燕麦副产品 ┃MEn=2970-59.7×CF+116.9×EE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
淀粉工业副产品: ┃ ┃
玉米湿磨副产品 ┃MEn=4240-34.4×CP-159.6×CF+ ┃Janssen et al.,1979
┃ 13.5×EE ┃
玉米蛋白粉(CP=65%) ┃MEn=40.94×CP+88.17×EE+33.13×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
玉米蛋白粉(CP=40%) ┃MEn=36.64×CP+73.30×EE+25.67×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
玉米蛋白饲料(CP=20%) ┃MEn=42.35×DM-42.35×ASH-23.74× ┃Janssen,1989
┃ CP+28.03×EE-165.72×CF ┃
糖业副产品: ┃ ┃
甜菜或甘蔗糖蜜 ┃MEn=40.01×SUG ┃Janssen,1989
白糖 ┃MEn=38.96×SUG ┃Janssen,1989
酒精副产品: ┃ ┃
啤酒干糟(玉米DDG) ┃MEn=39.15×DM-39.15×ASH-9.72× ┃Janssen,1989
┃ CP-63.81×CF ┃
干酒精糟水(DDS) ┃ ┃
玉米(DDS) ┃MEn=34.06×CP+40.82×EE+26.91×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
块根类(干): ┃ ┃
甘薯(干) ┃MEn=8.62×CP+50.12×EE+37.67×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
木薯粉 ┃MEn=39.14×DM-39.14×ASH-82.78×CF ┃Janssen,1989
木薯粉 ┃MEn=4054-43.4×ASH-103×CF ┃Janssen et al.,1979
油籽及其加工产品: ┃ ┃
花生饼 ┃AME=3.903-0.110CF/DM ┃陈雪秀,1983
花生饼 ┃AME=3.327+0.048EE/DM-0.073CF/DM ┃陈雪秀,1983
棉籽饼(粕) ┃MEn=21.26×DM+47.13×EE-30.85×CF ┃Janssen,1989
棉籽产品 ┃MEn=2153-31.8×CF+43.5×EE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
花生饼(粕) ┃MEn=29.68×DM+60.95×EE-60.87×CF ┃Janssen,1989
花生副产品 ┃MEn=3072-39.1×ASH-47.6×CF ┃Janssen et al.,1979
┃ +63.7×EE ┃
菜籽饼 ┃MEn=29.73×CP+46.39×EE+7.87×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
菜籽饼 ┃MEn=32.67×CP+64.96×EE+13.24×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
大豆饼 ┃MEn=37.5×CP+70.52×EE+14.9×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
大豆饼 ┃MEn=37.5×CP+46.39×EE+14.9×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
大豆饼粕 ┃MEn=2702-57.4×CF+72.0×EE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
大豆饼(热榨) ┃MEn=36.63×CP+77.96×EE+19.87×NFE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
大豆饼(热榨、颗粒) ┃MEn=38.79×CP+87.24×EE+18.22×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
全脂大豆(粉状) ┃MEn=2769-59.1×CF+62.1×EE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
大豆 ┃AME=4.830-0.234CF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
大豆 ┃AME=6.684-0.272ADF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
豌豆 ┃AME=5.499-0.303CF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
豌豆 ┃AME=5.122-0.174ADF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
全脂大豆(颗粒状) ┃MEn=2636-55.7×CF+82.5×EE ┃Janssen et al.,1979
向日葵仁饼(非浸出) ┃MEn=36.64×CP+89.07×EE ┃Janssen,1989
┃ +4.97×NFE ┃
向日葵产品 ┃MEn=3999-189×ASH-58.5 ┃Janssen et al.,1979
┃ ×CF+59.5×EE ┃
向日葵饼(机榨带壳) ┃MEn=26.7×DM+77.2×EE-51.22×CF ┃Janssen,1989
向日葵粕(去壳) ┃MEn=6.28×DM-6.28×ASH+25.38 ┃Janssen,1989
┃ ×CP+62.62×EE ┃
树叶: ┃ ┃
槐叶 ┃AME=3.697-0.191CF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
槐叶 ┃AME=3.605-0.126DF/DM ┃张子仪.1981
动物副产品: ┃ ┃
脱脂奶粉 ┃MEn=40.94×CP+77.96×EE+19.04×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
乳清粉(低乳糖) ┃MEn=38.79×CP+77.96×EE+19.04×NFE ┃Janssen,1989
肉骨粉 ┃MEn=33.94×DM-45.77 ┃Janssen,1989
┃ ×ASH+59.99×EE ┃
鱼粉(CP=60%,65%,67%) ┃MEn=35.87×DM-34.08×ASH ┃Janssen,1989
┃ +42.90×EE ┃
鱼粉(鲱鱼) ┃MEn=35.87×DM-34.08×ASH ┃Janssen,1989
┃ +42.90×EE ┃
血粉(喷雾干燥法) ┃MEn=34.49×CP+64.96×EE ┃Janssen,1989
血粉(滚筒干燥法) ┃MEn=31.88×CP+60.32×EE ┃Janssen,1989
羽毛粉 ┃ ┃
(胃蛋白酶消化率=80%) ┃MEn=33.2×CP+57.53×EE ┃Janssen,1989
家禽下脚料粉 ┃MEn=31.02×CP+74.23×EE ┃Janssen,1989
家禽下脚料粉(高脂肪) ┃MEn=31.02×CP+78.87×EE ┃Janssen,1989
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=-725+0.841×GE ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=4070-142×Ca ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=4330-61×ASH ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=5060-263×ASH+491×Ca ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=479+89×CP-1094×P ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=11340-103×CP-327×Ca ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=934-69×CP-110×ASH ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃TMEn=561-154×Ca-622×P ┃Pesti et al.,1986
家禽下脚料 ┃MEn=556-63×ASH-506×P ┃Pesti et al.,1986
油渣 ┃MEn=20041-23.0×IV-319.1×C16:0 ┃Janssen et al.,1979
┃ -153.4×18:0 ┃
油脂类 ┃ ┃
脂类和油类 ┃MEn=8227-10138[-1.1685(不饱和:饱和)] ┃Ketels and DeGroote,1989
所有的油和脂 ┃MEn=28119-235.8(C18:1+C18:1)-6.4 ┃Huyghebaert et al.,1988
┃ (C16:0)-310.9(C18:0)+0.726(IV ┃
┃ ×FR1)-0.0000379 ┃
┃ [IV(FR1+FFA)]2 ┃
植物油(游离脂肪酸〈50%) ┃MEn=-10147.94+188.28×IV+155.09FR1 ┃Huyghebaert et al.,1988
┃ -1.6709(IV×FR1) ┃
植物油(游离脂肪酸〉50%) ┃MEn=1804+29.7084×IV+29.302×FR1 ┃Huyghebaert et al.,1988
动物油(游离脂肪酸〈40%) ┃MEn=126694+1645×IV+838.4×C16:0 ┃Huyghebaert et al.,1988
┃ -215.3×C18:0+746.61FR1+356.12 ┃
┃ (FR1+FFA)-14.83(IVFR1) ┃
动物脂肪(游离脂肪酸〉40%) ┃MEn=-9865+194.1×IV+300.1×C18:0 ┃Huyghebaert et al.,1988
━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━
注:本部分内容系引用文献材料,1kcal=4.18kJ(下同)。
GE──总能;ME──代谢能;MEn──氮校正谢能;TMEn──氮校正真代谢能;CP──粗蛋白;EE──醚浸提物;CF──
粗纤维;NFE──无氮浸出物;ADF──酸洗纤维;APF──酸-胃蛋白酶处理纤维;STA=淀粉;SUG=糖;IV=碘价;C16:0=
棕榈酸;C18:0=硬脂酸;C18:1=油酸;C18:2=亚油酸;FFA=游离脂肪酸;FR1=柱层析第一组分,含有甘油酯和其他非
极性成分;DM=干物质。
2.不同学者提出的通过非氮物质(NNM)估测猪消化能值的简单回归方程示例
能量消化率(%)=91.33-2.19CF% (Lucas,1949)
表观能量消化率(ADE)%:
小麦麸 ADE=96.29-3.04CF% r=0.938
ADE=95.35-2.23ADF% r=0.938 RSD=1.69
ADE=96.34-0.865NDF% r=0.958 RSD=1.12
苜蓿粉 ADE=96.02-2.09CF% r=0.988 RSD=0.71
ADE=93.83-1.75ADF% r=0.983 RSD=0.62
通用 ADE=100.77-1.19NDF% r=0.955 RSD=1.02
ADE=96.71-0.886NDF% r=0.959 RSD=1.31(Drennan and Maguire 1970)
能量消化率(%)=91.48-2.22CF% r=0.916 RSD=2.21(Drennan and Maguire 1970)
能量消化率(%)91.78-1.77ADF% r=0.943 RSD=2.25(King and Taverner 1975)
量消化率(%)=94.20.944NDF%
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4068.7-103.37CF% r=0.89 RSD=156.8(Drennan and
Maguire 1970)
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4102.9-84.99MADF% r=0.92 RSD=140.4
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4269-81MADF% r=0.85* RSD=385
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4323-437CF% r=0.90* RSD=339
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4179-86ADF% r=0.96* * RSD=211
DE(kcal/kg干物质)=4228-140CF% r=0.97* * RSD=184
注:1kcal/kg=4.18kJ; ADE──表观消化能;DE──消化能;ADF──酸性洗涤纤维;NDF──
中性洗涤纤维;*──青饲料+基础饲料;* *──高蛋白质饲料以外的饲料。
3.通过常规成分计算氨基酸的公式:
羽扇豆: 蛋氨酸含量=0.220-0.003X2+0.008X3-0.002X4
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.950-0.013X2-0.013X3
赖氨酸含量=1.401+0.018X1-0.034X2-0.014X4
苏氨酸含量=0.258+0.021X1-0.010X2+0.041X3
色氨酸含量=0.042+0.010X1
精氨酸含量=0.769+0.114X1-0.058X2-0.172X5
高梁: 蛋氨酸含量=0.057+0.013X1
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.086+0.028X1+0.014X4-0.024X5
赖氨酸含量=0.275+0.010X1-0.039X3-0.0233X4+0.035X5
苏氨酸含量=0.258+0.021X1-0.010X2+0.041X3
色氨酸含量=0.142+0.014X1+0.012X2-0.07X3-0.064X5
精氨酸含量=0.266+0.016X1+0.009X2-0.024X4+0.074X5
肉骨粉: 蛋氨酸含量= 0.705+0.010X1-0.030X2+0.012X3+0.056X4-0.022X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=-1.118+0.046X1+0.037X2
赖氨酸含量=4.763-0.09X2-0.063X5
苏氨酸含量=0.002+0.038X1-0.010X5
色氨酸含量=-1.732+0.023X1+0.056X2-0.027X3-0.131X4
精氨酸含量=5.456-0.092X2-0.057X3-0.025X5
蚕豆: 蛋氨酸含量=0.128+0.019X1-0.009X2-0.010X4+0.096X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.185+0.044X1-0.057X3-0.013X4
赖氨酸含量=0.161+0.030X1-0.111X3+0.028X4+0.128X5
苏氨酸含量=0.399-0.014X1+0.060X2+0.018X4-0.105X5
色氨酸含量=0.094+0.16X1-0.029X2+0.243X5
精氨酸含量=-0.916+0.069X2-0.220X5
米糠(全脂):蛋氨酸含量=0.032+0.014X1-0.002X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.152+0.027X1-0.003X3-0.004X4-0.004X5
赖氨酸含量=131+0.031X1+0.006X5
苏氨酸含量=0.020+0.025X1+0.002X2+0.005X4+0.001X5
色氨酸含量=0.059+0.004X1+0.005X5
精氨酸含量=-0.031+0.043X1
大豆饼(含粗蛋白质44% ̄48%):蛋氨酸含量=0.175+0.008X1+0.022X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.190+0.017X1+0.062X5
赖氨酸含量=-0.113+0.058X1+0.067X5
苏氨酸含量=1.558+0.016X1-0.029X2-0.037X3-0.027X4
色氨酸含量=-0.201+0.022X1-0.024X5
精氨酸含量=1.022+0.068X1-0.113X5
向日葵仁饼:蛋氨酸含量=-0.045+0.019X1+0.016X2
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.044+0.039X1
赖氨酸含量=1.156+0.016X1+0.004X2-0.012X4-0.036X5
苏氨酸含量=0.317+0.029X1-0.040X3
色氨酸含量=-0.354+0.020X1+0.005X3
精氨酸含量=-0.528+0.095X1
小 麦: 蛋氨酸含量=0.196+0.010X1-0.009X2-0.041X4-0.003X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.007+0.058X1-0.005X2+0.044X3-0.020X4
-0.029X5
赖氨酸含量=0.390+0.014X1-0.020X2+0.081X3+0.016X4-0.014X5
苏氨酸含量=0.072+0.034X1-0.007X2+0.055X3+0.063X4-0.017X5
色氨酸含量=0.058+0.005X1-0.014X3
精氨酸含量=0.381+0.022X1-0.018X2+0.015X3-0.002X5
大 麦: 蛋氨酸含量=0.037+0.013X1
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=-0.0319+0.029X1+0.029X3+0.015X4
赖氨酸含量=0.051+0.020X1+0.012X2
苏氨酸含量=0.055+0.027X1
色氨酸含量=0.006+0.011X1
精氨酸含量=-0.019+0.034X1+0.018X2
玉 米: 蛋氨酸含量=0.113+0.011X1
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=0.053+0.030X1
赖氨酸含量=-0.100+0.046X1
苏氨酸含量=-0.056+0.023X1+0.007X2+0.016X3+0.010X4
色氨酸含量=0.263-0.013X1
精氨酸含量=-0.036+0.055X1
玉米蛋白粉:蛋氨酸含量=0.480+0.023X1-0.016X2-0.009X3-0.058X4+
0.008X5崐 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=-0.051+0.051X1-0.029X2-0.007X3+0.005X5
赖氨酸含量=-1.687+0.042X1+0.0017X2-0.006X3+0.121X4
苏氨酸含量=-1.424+0.054X1+0.003X3+0.121X4-0.004X5
色氨酸含量=-3.558+0.061X1-0.006X3+0.230X4+0.011X5
精氨酸含量=-1.039+0.049X1+0.005X2-0.004X3+0.049X4-0.006X5
鱼 粉: 蛋氨酸含量=8.891+0.026X1-0.373X4-0.07X5
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量=5.003-0.065X2-0.070X3-0.075X4
赖氨酸含量=2.202+0.055X1+0.067X2-0.752X4-0.057X5
苏氨酸含量=4.455-0.036X2-0.037X3-0.182X4-0.061X5
色氨酸含量=-0.400+0.012X1+0.024X3-0.137X4+0.009X5
精氨酸含量=3.634+0.026X1-0.033X2-0.260X4-0.048X5
注:各种氨基酸和饲料中其它成分均用百数表示。X1──粗蛋白质;X2── 水分;X3──
脂肪;X4──纤维;X5──灰分。 |
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